Small-business owners held their own during May, showing neither excitement nor anxiety over the state of the economy. Their outlook, as measured by the National Federation of Independent Business Small-Business Optimism Index, edged up four-tenths of a point from April to 97.2 (1986=100).
According to the NFIB, the good news is there is no recession signal. The Index has been consistent in anticipating the approach of recessions throughout its 34-year history.
Job openings fell and are expected to nudge unemployment up, but unfilled positions remain high, according to the survey. Job-creation plans were flat. Reports of price hikes eased, but continue higher than desired. Capital-spending plans, like actual outlays, were unchanged from the previous month.
On the labor front, employment gains were solid but not spectacular—about 50,000 fewer workers were hired per month in May 2007 than in May 2006.
“This year’s May employment gains were as expected,” said NFIB chief economist William Dunkelberg. “The NFIB survey has anticipated solid gains all year.”
A total of 24 percent of owners reported unfilled job openings, down by two points from April, but historically strong. Twelve percent said the availability of qualified labor was their top business problem, unchanged since February.
Over the next three months, 25 percent plan to create new jobs, up one point, and 6 percent plan workforce reductions, up two points, yielding a seasonally adjusted net 13 percent of owners planning to create new jobs, historically strong and unchanged from April. Fifty-four percent reported hiring or trying to hire new workers, though 78 percent of those reported “few or no qualified applicants” for their positions. Job-creation plans were positive in all industry groups.
Capital spending in May was flat. Plans to make outlays in the coming months remained weak, unchanged from April’s 29 percent of owners. Profit gains have not triggered a boom in spending. Reported capital outlays over the past six months held firm at 60 percent. A total of 45 percent reported spending on new equipment, 24 percent acquired vehicles, 17 percent bought fixtures and furniture, and 13 percent improved or expanded their facilities. Five percent acquired new buildings or land for expansion.
An unchanged and rather weak 12 percent said now is a good time to expand facilities. A net-negative 3 percent expect conditions to improve over the next six months, up five points from April and typical of readings at later stages of an expansion. A net 16 percent expect higher real sales, up two points, and a positive sign for growth. Overall, expectations for economic growth are soft, but better. “Growth will continue,” said Dunkelberg, “but the increase in GDP will be closer to 2 percent than 3 percent.”
There were signs of inventory investment. A net 2 percent of owners reported a gain in inventory stocks, seasonally adjusted, four points higher than April. A seasonally-adjusted, net-negative 6 percent reported stocks too low, a three-point drop from April. Dunkelberg noted, “The build in inventories was apparently unexpected and unwelcome.”
Twenty-eight percent of those surveyed reported higher sales, and 31 percent had lower sales, producing a seasonally-adjusted net 1 percent of all firms with higher sales in the most-recent three-month period, compared to the prior three months, down three points from April.
“The good news is that prices appear to be leveling off,” Dunkelberg said. “The net percent of those reporting higher-average selling prices, seasonally adjusted, fell but only by two points to 16 percent, not enough to get real inflation down to the level the Fed would like.”
Unadjusted, 29 percent reported raising average selling prices, up one point, and 12 percent reported lowering them, down one point. The number of firms with earnings improvements gained in May, but the number of those reporting higher worker compensation rose three points to 29 percent. Only 16 percent managed to raise average selling prices. “Labor compensation will be pressuring profit margins all year,” the NFIB economist said.
Of the 21 percent reporting higher earnings, nearly two-thirds, 65 percent, cited stronger sales, and 5 percent each cited lower materials costs and higher selling prices. For the 40 percent reporting lower earnings, two-fifths cited weaker sales, 8 percent blamed higher labor costs, 10 percent cited higher materials costs, and 5 percent each pointed to higher insurance costs, lower selling prices and regulatory costs.
Regular borrowing activity remained flat, reported by 38 percent of all owners. Only 3 percent said their main business problem was the cost and availability of credit. Thirty-nine percent reported all their credit needs met, compared to six percent who reported problems obtaining the financing they wanted. The remaining 55 percent did not want or need financing.
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